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Omega-3s (EPA/DHA)
What Omega-3s (EPA/DHA) is, what the NIH ODS fact sheet says the evidence supports, typical doses, timing, and the cautions that come with it.
Supplements are not medicines and this page is not medical advice. Doses that help one person can harm another — with medicines, kidney or liver conditions, pregnancy, or before surgery, talk to a clinician before starting anything. More is not better.
What it is
Polyunsaturated fats from fish oil or algae; structural fats of cell membranes.
What the evidence supports
ODS: seafood intake is linked to lower cardiovascular risk; supplements lower triglycerides at high doses. Evidence for cognition and mood is mixed.
Dose and timing
No RDA for EPA/DHA; ALA: men 1.6 g, women 1.1 g per day. Many products supply 250-500 mg combined EPA+DHA per day. With food.
Cautions
High doses can thin the blood; mention them before surgery.
Interactions are the hidden risk: supplements can change how medicines work and vice versa. Give your clinician the full list before anything else.
Source: NIH Office of Dietary Supplements — Omega-3s (EPA/DHA) fact sheet · checked 2026-09-03
Frequently asked questions
What does Omega-3s (EPA/DHA) do?
Polyunsaturated fats from fish oil or algae; structural fats of cell membranes.
Does Omega-3s (EPA/DHA) work?
ODS: seafood intake is linked to lower cardiovascular risk; supplements lower triglycerides at high doses. Evidence for cognition and mood is mixed.
How much omega-3s (epa/dha) should I take?
No RDA for EPA/DHA; ALA: men 1.6 g, women 1.1 g per day. Many products supply 250-500 mg combined EPA+DHA per day. With food.
Is Omega-3s (EPA/DHA) safe?
High doses can thin the blood; mention them before surgery. And the standing rule: tell your clinician everything you take — supplements interact with medicines.
Creatine
Studied doses: 3-5 g per day; loading protocols use about 20 g/day in 4 doses for 5-7 days.
Magnesium
RDA: men 400-420 mg, women 310-320 mg per day.
Vitamin D
RDA: 600 IU (15 mcg) to age 70, then 800 IU (20 mcg). UL 4000 IU.
Melatonin
Studied doses commonly 0.5-5 mg, taken 30-60 minutes before bed.
Iron
RDA: men 8 mg, women 19-50 18 mg, pregnancy 27 mg per day.
Vitamin B12
RDA: 2.4 mcg per day.
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